Narrative Theories

Propp's Theory

Vladimir Propp was a Russian critic in 1920. According to Propp characters have a narrative function and they provide a structure for the text.

Typical characters that Propp found were;

• A hero - a character who seeks something
• A villain - a character that opposes or stops the hero from getting something
• The donor - a character that provides a magical power
• The dispatcher - who sends the hero on the mission
• The false hero - who disrupts the hero's quest by making fake claims
• The helper - someone who aids the hero
• The princess - acts as a reward for the hero and the object of the villains plot
• The father - to acts to reward the hero

In a struggle scene Propp suggested this theory;

1. There is a struggle between the hero and the villain
2. The hero is branded
3. The villain is overcome
4. the state of disorder is settled

In the recognition scene Propp suggested this theory;

1. At this stage in the film, the hero is recognised
2. The false hero is unmasked
3. The false hero could be hurt or killed
4. The hero then could be rewarded by the princess or the object they were looking for

Todorov's Theory

Todorov stated in 1960 that videos often started with a state of equilibrium, where any potentially opposing forces are in balance. This is then disrupted by some event, setting a chain series of events. Problems are solved so that order can be restored to the world of fiction. There are five stages to his theory;

1. a state of equilibrium
2. a disruption of the equilibrium
3. a recognition of the disruption
4. an attempt to repair the disruption
5. a reinstatement of equilibrium

Barthes Theory

Barthes describes a text as a "galaxy of signifiers, not a structure of signifieds; it has no beginning; it is reversible; we gain accesses to it through several entrances". Barth said;

• The text is a tangled ball of threads
• The thread needs to be unravelled
• Once unravelled we reveal a series of potential outcomes and scenarios
• We start by looking at a narrative one way, from one view point
• You can then continue unravelling the thread and looking at the scenario in a completely different way

There are five codes;

1. The hermeneutic code
2. The proairetic code
3. The symbolic code
4. The cultural code
5. The semantic code

The Hermeneutic Code - the voice of truth
This is the way the story avoids telling the truth or revealing all the facts, in order to drop clues throughout to help create mystery.
The Proairetic Code - empirical voice
This is the way tension is built up and the audience is left guessing what happens next.
The Symbolic code - the voice of symbols
Similar to the Semantic Code, but acts on a wider level. Organising sematic meanings into broader and deeper sets of meaning. This is typically done using antithesis, where a new meaning arises out of opposing conflicts.
The Cultural Code - the voice of science
Looks at the wider cultural knowledge.
The Semantic Code - voice of the person
This points to any element in a text that suggests a particular, often additional meaning by the way of connotation the story suggests.

Levi - Strauss'

Straus argued that all narratives can be reduced to binary oppositions.

Binary Opposites such as;

Hero vs. Villain
Girl sv. Boy
Weak vs. Strong

Andrew Goodwin's Theory

1922 he released a book on the codes of music videos. 

• All music videos have certain genre characteristics, depending on the genre of music
• More often han not there is a relationship between the visuals and lyrics
• There is a relationship in-between lyrics and visuals
• The demanding record label will be evident in the video
• Artist iconography
• Motion of looking
• Intertextual

Mr Brightside analysis

Mr Brightside - The killers 

Singer - Brandon Flowers
Genre - Alternative Rock 
Label - Lizard King
Writers - Brandon Flowers, David Keuning
Producers - The killers 

Relationship between visuals and lyrics 
The relationship between visuals and lyircs in the music video are weak but they do have a direct connection. There is a lot of shots of the band performing and playing in time with the lyrics. There is also a narrative of a love triangle. There are performance and narrative shots. There are common conventions of a indie/rock genre. The common convention of the killers performing and then the indie convention is the narrative and the extravagant colours and clothing. The video and the lyrics are both about to men a female in a love triangle. These characters are played by actors and then the lead singing himself Brandon Flower. The visuals show us that the female kissed another male and that Flower is getting jealous. The lyrics "jealousy turning snakes into the sea" reflect this. The narrative doesn't directly have a relationship with the lyrics; however it the narrative reflects the lyrics meanings and ideas. 

Genre Characteristics
The genre of the song "Mr. Brightside" is indie/rock. The typical conventions of a indie are usually unique and abstract. The song writer and director created an artistic and abstract video out of something small and simple. Typical genre characteristics of an rock would be for the music video to show some performance in the video instead of being a simple narrative. Pop music usually sticks to the narrative; whereas rock either mixes or just performance. the majority of the camera shots are close ups of the bands faces or instruments. These are also typical genre conventions of rock music. The face of the band is flower himself therefore most of the camera shots (whilst they were performing) are focused on his face.

Intertextuality
The music video has taking inspiration from the film "Moulin Rouge". It is similar to "Moulin Rouge" in the way of the love triangle and the mis-en-scene. There are also a few references to "snow White". In the first few seconds we denote the female protagonist gets thrown an apple and she is dressed in all white. The red apple is symbolising poison and the story of Adam and Eve. The apple is causing destruction in the means of temptation and mistakes. flower chucks her the apple and then she goes to kiss another man. He is pushing her away and towards other men with his possessiveness. We are also able to connote Flowers possessiveness through the lyrics; "I want it all".

Performance and narrative
The first thing we see in the initial wide shot is a stage and the killers standing on the stage performing. Gradually throughout the video we see the performance and the narrative having interlocking shots. There is a "Moulin Rouge" setting, the location is all set in one place however it is a large location with multiple rooms. The rooms allow the multiple relationships that are going on to be shown in private. Even though most of the time the couples are running into these private rooms alone, the other member of the love triangle ends up being there and seeing what is happening. This is another representation of how jealously can effect a person in love. The audience is able to connote that the song and the visuals are about jealousy in a relationship and how it can become toxic due o the jealousy turning into possession. There are also shots of the instruments and they are plugged in; making the performance authentic. This allows the audience to denote the band is playing live to this "Moulin Rouge" audience. The girls are dancing to this song therefore making it even more authentic and realistic.

Narrative
The narrative is about a man that falls in love with a women that is already in a relationship. We denote that Flower and the female protagonist are dancing together, this could signify that they are having relations. The other man in the relationship finds out about Flower and the female protagonist, therefore finding out about the affair. Both Flower and the other man argue over her and flower looses her. Flower doesn't stop seeing her. Overall the narrative is about adult relationships; however we connote that they are playing childish games. This can attract to the younger audiences. There is a closed non linear narrative. The close narrative occurs due to the fact the audience can denote in the beginning that there is a love triangle and Flower is jealous and pushing the female protagonist is being pushed away. In the middle of the music video we can see the action occurring. Initially we denote the band performing on the stage; then in the middle we see the action occurring, both Flower and the other man are with the female protagonist. Finally the last shot we see the other man in the love triangle walk away from her. We can connote that Flower and the female protagonist end up together. However the narrative is also non-linear due to the fact that there are performance shots interlocking with the narrative shots. Propp's theory can be applied in this music video. We can denote that there is a 'hero' that is Flower. There is also the villain that is the other male in the love triangle. The audience can also denote a princess. That was the third wheel in the love triangle. the hero is the character that seeks something; that something being the female protagonist. We can connote that the other male is the villain due to Propp's theory stating that the villain in  the music video is the person that gets in the way of the hero getting something. Finally we can apply Propp's theory to "Mr. Brightside" by calling the female protagonist the princess. She acts as the reward for the hero. The hero (Flower) ends up with the female protagonist. One of Barthes codes can also be applied to the music video. The proairetic code can be applied. We are left wondering throughout the video what is going to happen next and who is going to end up with the female protagonist. The tension is building up throughout the video; the killers do this by the audience viewing the females and the males love affair. The man she was originally with is gradually figuring it out. This is building tension because as the audience we are unsure as to what the male is going to do. We can also apply Levi-Straus' theory of binary opposites. We can denote that there is a love triangle. We can denote the other male in the love triangle, being a negative character. We connote him being evil and the male protagonist (Flower) being the hero. This shows the binary oppositions of evil vs. good.

Mode of address
Flower does look directly at the camera whilst there is a close shot of his face in the beginning. This is breaking the fourth wall. It is said that Flower was looking at the camera because he was the face of marketing for the killers at the time. With Flower looking through the camera it is making a direct connection with the audience and it makes the audience feel like he is looking at us. The gratifications theory would state that Flower is building a personal relationship with the audience.

Star Treatment
The lead singer of the killers is singled out throughout the video. He was known as the key marketing angle for the killers. In many of their music videos there is close shots of Flower looking directly into the camera at the audience. Therefore in "Mr. Brightside" when he looks directly at the camera we are able to connote that he is the star of the music video. We are also able to connote this through the fact that he is playing a character in the love triangle. Not only is he involved in the performance with the rest of the band; but he is also deeply involved in the narrative, instead of getting another actor they use him, so that the audience is able to get involved in the love triangle and are able to connect with him and the love triangle.

Representations
The imagery has strong intertextualty references to Moulin rouge. the girls are seen wearing provocative clothing. The audience can denote the girls being controlled by the men in the music video. Over the female gender is represented as being an objects of pleasure for the men. The colour red also represents lust and love in the music video. Also red can represent the emotion anger; we can connote that the men in the room may be feeling lust for the women, Flower may be feeling love for the female protagonist. Then the women may have a sense of anger towards the situation. As the narrative proceeds the audience emphasises with the male protagonists (Flower) wanting him to get the girl in the end.

Male Gaze
There is voyeurism in the music video. The main female protagonist is displayed as a prostitute and is being controlled by another men. There are shots of the girl lifting up her skirt among with the other girls. This is showing the voyeuristic side of men and how they observe women as an object of pleasure. The females in the music video are mainly shots of their body. There are close shots of their legs and they are lifting up their skirts to show more leg. This relates to what Carole Clover stated; saying that women are showing their bodies in order to imply that they wish to express their sexual confidence.

Pace
The overall pace is fast. The drum beat is fast and all the visuals are fast moving.

Shots
The shots are 80/20 narrative to performance. We denote the performance of "The Killers" is occurring to break up the narrative. When the audience denote the performance we can see that there are more close shots of Flower himself and then medium shots of the rest of the band due to the fact that they are not as important to narrative as Flower himself. Because Flower is the protagonist in the narrative the shots in the performance are mainly on him and the instruments. The audience can connote that Flower is more important than the rest of the band members. The shot variety in the narrative are more varied. The audience can connote in the narrative that the video is focussing on both the female and male protagonist and the male antagonist. Overall the shots are focussing on the main characters and the mis-en-scene. There is one location throughout; however the location has several small rooms, enabling the two protagonists in the love triangle to run off together and then have the antagonist following them. In the narrative there are generally wide shots of the characters; this allows the audience to denote the Moulin rouge theme in the music video. We can see the females dancing and lifting up their skirts in a provocative way. The medium long shots are also used to enable the audience to denote that their are three people in the relationship. Also there are shot reverse shots of the female protagonist and male antagonist and protagonist. This is allowing the audience to infer the relationship between the three characters. went tre is shot reverse shot, they use close shots to enable the audience to see the characters facial expressions. The facial expressions allows the audience to connote the emotions that are occurring between the three. For example when we see Flower looking at the male antagonist, we can understand there is some hatred and jealously occurring in the eye contact. Then when Flower looks at the female protagonist; we can connote there is a sense of love and want to be together.

Effects
There aren't any visual effects added to the music video. The theme of the Moulin Rouge and the colour red are strong and it represents love, lust and anger. There are mainly quick cutaway transition shots. They are quick cutaway shots so that the audience don't notice the cut away shots and the narrative is coherent and fast paced.

Mis-en-scene
The mis-en-scene was heavily inspired by the film "Moulin Rouge". The location and the room was designed heavily in the colour red. The colour red can represent the feelings of love, lust and anger. In the film Moulin Rouge the girls are portrayed as being items of pleasure and they are dressed in provocative clothing much like in the music video. Moulin Rouge is about a young writer to comes to Paris to the drug and prostitution lifestyle. "Moulin Rouge" is about an underground night club in which the rich and poor men are able to visit and have a good time. Things then take a turn for the worst when the main character has a love affair and becomes in danger. He is in over his head. The audience in the music video can connote that Flower relates to the main character in Moulin Rouge. The room is red and the costume designs are over dramatic and the female characters aren't wearing a lot of clothing. The men's costume's are three piece suits, therefore the audience can connote that they are of higher status.

Toatal eclipse of the heart analysis

Toatal eclipse of the heart - Bonnie Tyler

The music video was filmed in 1983

Relationship between the visuals and lyrics

The location is at a private school in america and there is a dark emo theme. The lyrics sing 'turn around bright eyes' and in the initial scene there is a male character walking through the door in which Tyler in upstairs. His eyes are bright and glowing. There is a direct connection between the lyrics and the visuals. It is a narrative video however Tyler is miming the lyrics at 1:25 for the chorus and this is a performance from Tyler. The performance is in the same location as the narrative. Everything that occurs in the video occurs in this private school; however there is cut away shots between performance and narrative. At 3:05 we see Tyler running through the halls of the private school and there are no lyrics being sung. This is a narrative that she is trying to find someone or running away from someone. There is then the backing track "turn around bright eyes" and we see a choir of people with literal bright eyes singing and then Tyler begins to sing again. She is singing amongst a group of dancers. The lyrics are about a vampires love and Tyler said in an interview that "it is all about the darkness of love, the power of darkness and how love is in a dark place". From the audience's point of view we are able to connote that there "total eclipse of the heart" is a dark love song due to the location being in an abandoned private school. Also the lyrics "total eclipse", and eclipse is where the moon covers the sun to create pitch black throughout the world at different times. This allows the audience to connote and denote a sense of darkness and how the song is about dark love. The visuals of the men with the bright glowing eyes allows us to denote a vampire theme. The songs writer (jim steinman) planned the video so that the lyrics and the visuals would be directly connected and it was very much intended.

Genre characteristics

The genre of "Total eclipse of the heart" is a slow rock/pop song. The ballad is about a dark love and it has a slow pace. However it made it to the top 40 in six different countries and it was the Tyler's first hit. Typical genre characteristics for rock would involve a performance from the artist and in the music video there are several clips in which tyler is performing in the private school, this is breaking up the linear narrative. Pop music is short for popular music therefore the genre characteristics vary. Because is it a dark ballad (within the pop genre) the characteristics are usually involving a dark location and with low lighting giving the music video a creepy dark effect. In "total eclipse of the heart" these genre characteristics have been applied. The music video is set in an old abandoned private school in America and the lighting is minimal. Mainly set by the lightening strikes outside and the dark chandeliers above. The low lighting helps emphasise the bright eyed characters that are sung about in the song. Most of the characters are wearing dark clothes as well; therefore the blend into the background. This once again helps the bright eyes be emphasised and stand out. We can connote that the bright eyes are a key and it is a typical convention in a love song to sing about the eyes. However tyler is singing about the bright eyes but hey are like supernatural bright eyes and don't fit the typical ballad genre characteristics.

Intertextuality 

There are aspects of a wilder culture that are in the music video. Tyler is singing about vampire love and this would be the intertextuality. Not only is Tyler singing about love; but she is singing about vampire love which is a dark love.

Performance or narrative 

In the beginning of the music video we see a wide shot of an old private school. The camera is zooming into a window in which Bonnie Tyler is in. The room in which the camera is zooming in on has light whereas all the other rooms are dark. This allows the audience to connote that there is something happening that is relevant in this particular room. We see a wide shot of Tyler with her head bowed down and she is not singing to the lyrics implying that this is a narrative video. There is then a male sining "turn around bright eyes" as if they are having a conversation and we can denote a man standing in the doorway when the male is singing, then the camera switches back to shots of Tyler when she sings. The video is telling a story. There is then a classroom full of biys in uniforms. This is a open non-linear narrative. We then see Tyler performing the song half way through the video. There is limited location variation. However because it was set in a school there is a wide variation of shots due to it being a large location within it's self. The audience see's several different classrooms within the school and we see halls and a large cathedral area in which tyler is performing. There isn't any movement surrounding tyler in her first performance, however later on in the music video we see tyler surrounded by vampire dancers, they are dramatically dancing and this creates a sense of drama and supernatural themes.  The audience can connote that this isn't real life and that  there is emphasise of the over exaggeration of movement to imply how much love effects someone.

Narrative

There is a non-linear narrative. From 0:00-0:50 we see Tyler by herself. Then by 0:51-2:58 there is the first fantasy the from 2:59-4:40. Finally we see the daytime until the end of the music video.  In the first section we see Tyler on her own in a room and she is singing "turn around, every now and then i get a little bit lonely and you're never coming round". The setting is romantic in which she is surrounded by candles and blowing curtains. There is then a shot of a full moon which allows the audience to connote a gothic feel to the music video.  We then denote a dove trying to fly into the building through a window. We can denote a struggle for the dove. The dove is a symbol of love and because there is a struggle we can connote that it represents the struggles of love. We then see a male student walking through the door with glowing eyes. There is then a cross dissolve of Tyler and the boy. This signifies that Tyler is getting wrapped up in the fantasy because she is desperate for love and she is lonely. The connection between he student and Tyler is emphasised by the lyrics 'turn around bright eyes'. The second fantasy kicks off by an open door with blowing curtains this matches the bass drop of the song. Tyler then leaves the lonely room and runs down some corridors. Tyler then looks through a door and a group of students look up at her and look at the audience which lets us connote that we are now apart of Tyler's fantasy. We are following her fantasy. We then see a small student who looks like a demon or a dark angel who then realises a doge from his hands. When she leaves the chamber she is free to explore her fantasies. She then walks into a room and there is a bright light shining behind her, denotes a sense of power and she becomes a silhouette. The light is a continuation of the original headlights and eyesight that penetrated her private chamber and let her imagination run further and further. One of Barthes codes is the semantic code that points to an element in a text that suggests a particular, often an additional meaning by the way of connotation which the story suggests. Therefore in "total eclipse of the heart" the school boys that have bright eyes re symbolising the fantasy that tyler is seeing and how there is such ting as a supernatural love and how there is a dark love.

Mode of address 

We see a group of student looking up at tyler as she walks past their classroom. The audience denote that the students with the glowing eyes are looking at tyler and registering that she is there, however the audience also feels like they are following her fantasy and living it themselves therefore the students look like they are braking the fourth wall and looking directly at the camera. There is a direct connection between the characters in the music video and tyler and the audience. Th audience is being made to feel as one with tyler and like they are living her fantasy.

Star treatment

Th singer (Tyler) is singled out through costume. She is wearing a long white dress that stands out in comparison to the rest of the characters in the music video. The rest of the characters are wearing school uniforms and they all look the same. Most of the other characters are of male gender therefore Tyler stands out in comparison. Thiis alows the audience to denote that Tyler is the main charcter and the song is about love and her type of love. We can denote ths because we are following her fantacy and tha she is the main character.  There are more shots of her than anything else in the music video. There are several tracking shots and panning shots of Tyler whereas for the rest of the characters there are single shots and most of them are medium shots therefore we cant denote detail. We can connote that they are not as important than Tyler. 

Representations 

The music video is representing dark love and vampire love. Tyler said that the music video was meant to represent dark love. The audience denotes the full moon and the full moon is associated with the supernatural. There is male gaze, due to Tyler being the main character in this music video she is wearing a long white dress which is seen as being formal and feminine. She is represented as being along and innocent. The colour white is representing purity enabling the audience to connote that she js pure. However there aren't any single shots of legs. She is not on the screen for sexual titillation but to sing the song and for us to live her fantasy.

Pace

The pace doesn't vary throughout the music video. The music pace stays the same throughout. We see that there are four sections to the music video (in which i stated earlier) in the beginning there is a slow pace in which Tyler is standing alone in a room singing about how she is alone. The we see her fantasies in which she leaves he room and runs around. The pace of her actions increases without the pace of the music increasing.  We continually get long takes of Tyler which are usually tracking shots of Tyler running through corridors or panning low shots of Tyler performing the song. We then see short takes of students and longer takes of Tyler letting the audience connote thaT this story is focused on Tyler and the students are in her fantasy and probably not real, however she is creating them in her mind because she is alone.

Shot variety 

There are several set ups within the same building. In the first scene we see Tyler alone with candles and blowing curtains. We then see her running through the corridors of this school and looking in classrooms. Then finally we see her in a larger room, which looks like a church room. This is where Tyler begins to sing and perform the song.  There are several types of shots throughout the music video. Te reoccurring shots are mainly tracking shots, panning shots, long shots, medium shots and a long medium shot in the beginning of the private school. There are no close shots in the video, this is letting the audience not see the detail of the films.  Tere is also a arc shot of Tyler when she is performing in the church of the school. This shot is usually used in music performance because it gives the singer or band member power. Especially if they are playing an instrument the audience is able to denote how they are playing and the emotions are put across. 

Mis-en-scene

There was one main location that was the private school. The video was shot in different sections of the private school. The lighting is dark, most of the rooms are lit by candles.  This connotes that the song is about dark love and when the audience sees the visuals and lyrics they can connote that it about dark love and how love isn't always what it is. The dark lighting is anchorage for the dark love and the vampire love that Tyler explained in interviews. The glowing eyes also allow the audience to denote vampirism. There is enigma all the through the song and the music video. We are u sure about why Tyler herself is singing about vampire love. The narrative is confusing and although it fits with the lyrics this doesn't explain why Tyler is creating these fantasies in her mind and sharing them with us. We don't get to understand why this is happening or the reason behind Tyler being at the private school in the first place. The only thing that comes clear to the audience is that Tyler is alone and therefore we are bale to infer from what we have seen that she is creating these fantasies and fake people to keep her company because she is alone. 

 Costume is key in this music video. It allows the audience to connote that there is difference between the other characters and Tyler herself. Tyler is wearing a white flowing gown and the other characters are wearing black or dark colours which blend into the background. We only really notice their eyes. They all look the same, this signifies that Tyler is special and we are following her story and her fantasy. 

Effects

There is a cross over fade of the bright eyed boy and Tyler i  the beginning. This gives the effect that they have a connection and that they have met before or something has brought them together. His two bright eyes are in her left eye, possibly representing that she was thinking or hoping for him or someone in particular to come for her and give her company. Now that he is there she has someone and there is hope. 

I'm yours analysis

I'm yours - Jason Mraz

Relationship between visuals and lyrics

The relationship between visuals and lyrics in 'I'm yours' are direct. The singer (Jason Mraz) also stars in the video. We can hear the lyrics implying that if you let go of your life a little to you will live a fuller and happier life; enabling you to see things which you wouldn't see if you don't free your mind. The song is about not questioning things and living life being spontaneous. For example a quote is 'I won't hesitate no more' and we can see within the first 40 seconds that Jason has left his house got on a plane and is now hitch hiking around a foreign country. We can denote that he is living his life differently now. We can then connote from putting the lyrics and video together that Jason in the video is living a new life and seeing the world. Jason is singing about how he has spent too much time trying to be perfect for other people and he wasn't truly happy. The lyrics at the end go 'open up your mind and you'll be free'. Jason is letting go and having fun in this video. No one is perfect.

Genre characteristics

The genre of 'I'm yours' is pop. Generally pop songs are about love and or heartbreak and they can be rather sad, however Jason has written a song about initially being in love and then moving into what he loves to do. It is a song about love; however it is a happy upbeat song. The camera shots are mainly wide shots of Jason’s surroundings and locations showing how his locations are changing and the people he is with are changing. The shots are mainly slow panning shots to give the audience a sense of where Jason is. We see Jason in the back of a pickup truck with the sunset in the background and it implies to the audience the feeling of a happy ever after. He is on his way to happiness. In the rest of the video he is experiencing happiness wherever he goes.

Narrative

There is a linear narrative in 'I'm yours'. We first see Jason in his house packing to go somewhere and in the first verse there is the line; 'I tried to be chill but you're so hot that i melted' implying that he is in love with someone and then the song progresses to lines that involve his love for the world. We see in the music his love for the world by him travelling around on his own and having a good time. He then comes back to the personal love in the first verse later on the song by quoting 'it's our god-forsaken right to be loved'. Bringing the personal love back to light; whilst the music video still progresses in the love for the world. Overall allowing the audience to connote that the song is a happy, upbeat song about love. The linear narrative is strong. The audience is able to see a clear connection between the beginning and the end of the music video. With the beginning being Jason leaving his home with a large bag; letting the audience connote he is going travelling. We then see Jason on a plane on his own (this is before the lyrics have begun). The lyrics begin and we see Jason standing at the side of the road hitch hiking and he gets a ride from two men. His journey begins and we see him travel through the world and making friends wherever he goes. The song ends with a montage of clips from the earlier adventures we saw in the music video and Jason is singing 'I'm yours'. The final clip is Jason sitting on his own on a small wooden boat and the sky is dark. The ending is implying a sense of serenity for Jason.

Performance style

There is lip syncing and a performance from Jason whilst he is on his journey. We see him lip syncing, then he begins to make friends with the locals and we denote Jason is having a discussion with them. There is quick shots in the beginning of the video showing Jason in is house and his fish tank. The fish tank implies that this has potentially been his inspiration for the rest of the video and it links to the rest of the video. The shots are quick and generally medium shots of his apartment and them him on the plane waiting to leave.

There is then a medium shot of Jason in the back of a pickup truck lip syncing the lyrics. There is no live performance in this music video due to it being pop; it isn't conventional for there to be a live performance.

Narrative

The narrative of 'I'm yours' is a linear open narrative. As the audience we can denote that we are following Jason on his journey around the world. However we cannot see an end to this journey. The last clip ends with him on a boat in a lake; therefore implying that he could stay there forever and never return home. Leaving the end to suggest that the world is offering never ending opportunities. I can apply the soviet montage theory to this video. There is metric montage in the beginning of the video. Where there are quick cutting shots which usually last from one second to three seconds; and it is irrelevant what is happening in the shots but they are being cut and put into a montage of events. This is letting the audience connote that nothing much is happening here at his apartment. Further on into the video i can also apply the soviet montage theory, (where editing is an important factor in the intended effect for the video). Later on the video there is tonal montage. This is when there is editing of the shots based on the emotional meaning in the shot. The lengths of the shots are varying. For example when we see Jason breaking the fourth wall and looking directly at the camera and singing these shots usually last three of more seconds, however when we are following him on his journey the shots can vary depending on whether it is a wide panning shot and then the audience can denote the location or if it is of him and his friends walking to the location. However either way the shots are short cut and fast pase. This helps with the upbeat theme of the lyrics and the beat. Overall there is a sense of over tonal montage in the video, combing the metric, tonal and rhythmic. Meaning that it is more complicated to watch. This applies to the video because the video is a fast paced linear montage of the events and his journey. The video 'I'm yours' is able to apply to the Todorov theory in which a video begins with a state of calm and equlibrium. Then as the video moves on we can denote and connote a sense of disequilibrium. Then followed by a renewed state of serenity. I'm yours follows this story line because we initially denote Jason in his apartment with nothing new happening. The audience can connote there is no sense of future there. We then denote a large change in Jason’s life; when he gets on a plane and begins his journey hitch hiking and making new friends. By the end of the video we can denote Jason on a boat in the evening time alone. This implies a sense of serenity and true happiness for Jason. He has found a new happiness after a big change in his life.

The entire video has a sense of enigma. As the audience we don't know why Jason has decided to leave his apartment and his belongings behind. He doesn't state why in the lyrics of why in the video. This applies to one of Barthes five codes. The Hermeneutic code (enigma code). This implies that at some point in the video something is not explained leaving the audience with a sense of mystery. We see this in the initial 20 seconds of the video; with Jason packing his bags and leaving. He is also singing about love at this point in time. Therefore providing the audience with even more enigma. He then (in the second verse) sings about his love for the world, showing a direct connection between the lyrics and the video. This helps the audience clear up the sense on enigma slightly. Because he is singing about his love for the world, letting the audience connote that is why he left.

Mode of address

The singer doesn't look directly at the camera until one of the final shots in which he looks then looks past the lenses, implying that the singer is aware of the camera being there. There are many direct close shots of Jason however he is swinging his head to the beat and purposefully not looking at the camera. We are building a personal relationship with the singer in the video because we are following his journey around the world however we do not have a direct connection because we can connote that the singer isn't paying attention to the camera therefore we are just following him.

Star treatment

There is star treatment in the video of the singer (Jason). Most of the shots include him and the camera giving us tracking shots of his journey. There are also a few panning shots of the location. We can infer that there is star treatment of the singer because most of the shots are on him and following him. When the shots do include the people he is surrounding himself with the shots generally are showing them in a good light; for example in the first shot of the man who Jason gets a lift with. The man is smiling and going Jason a lift to wherever. The man then appears later on in the music video. This has a direct connection with the lyrics of the song. About how he has a love for the world. Jason has left his apartment and he is meeting nice friendly people wherever he goes. Initially it was a personal love. But now he has decided to leave he has found that there are nice people everywhere. Even though there is slight star treatment in the matter that this is the singer’s journey and we see him and his journey. We also see other characters and they are all on the same level of happiness. The audience can denote that Jason isn't implying that he is above them in any way. Everyone is equal in the video.

Representations

The representations in the music video 'I'm yours' are that there are nice people wherever you go. The audience can denote that the singer and the other characters are all the same on some level. He is making friends wherever he goes suggesting that you can make friends wherever you go. The rest of the characters in the music video are being represented as being kind and nice. The singer is joining in with activities that he never would've done if he hadn't gone on this adventure.

Pace

The music video has a fast pace and is an upbeat pop song. We can denote the fast cutaway montage of Jason on his adventure. The montage of shots generally are a mixture of panning, tracking, close and medium close shots of Jason and the location he is in. Each clip lasts around 2-4 seconds. Apart from the very last shot of Jason sitting on the boat and this shot lasts around 6 seconds, slowing down the pace. Throughout the video there are short takes of the location and of Jason. There are minimal long take. The only long take is at the end. This lets the audience see the whole of Jason’s adventure in the time frame of a music video. The short takes and fast paced montage of clips lets the audience connote that his adventure was fast paced and there was never a dull moment. Because it is an upbeat song and fast paced. Some of the shots are also in slow motion or get faded into being blurred by the end. This gives the effect that what was happening in the shot was relaxing and gives a sense of serenity. Allowing the audience to be inspired and make them want to go travelling and let go. The editing of the video is quite harsh. Between the clips there aren’t any transition shots but because it is fast pace, it works well and you want to keep watching to see where Jason goes next. The pace doesn't change throughout the music video. There is a constant pace that is fast.

Shot variety

There is a lot of shot variety in 'I’m yours'. The first shot we see is an establishing shot of an aeroplane which allows the audience to connote that the song is about traveling and a journey is going to take place. This shot took place in an airport; which is location one in the music video. We then see Jason on the aeroplane and then an establishing shot of the ground below from the perspective of the aeroplane. The second location was in Jason's apartment. The colours are white and bland. Implying that his life at home is bland and boring and he has taken inspiration from his fish tank to travel. The fish tank is the only bright colourful thing in his room. We then see a sign saying 33 MPH. There are several locations in the music video. I would say that there were about 11 different locations in which filming took place; involving a plane, two cars, skate park, his apartment, waterfall, forest and a lake. The shots are fast paced and flick through these shots in a non-linear narrative however overall the video has a linear narrative due to the fact that we see the beginning of his journey and then we see him arrive at his destination whilst seeing his journey to get to his destination.

Effects

The visible effects are mainly the colouring and filters on the images being shot. In the second shot of Jason riding in the back of the pic-up truck the audience can see the corners of the screen are faded. This gives the effect of a dream and a warm atmosphere.

Mis-en-scene

The location of the video is important in 'I'm yours'. The song is about finding you and living life and learning to let go. The location is showing how he is travelling around the world and meeting new people. We can denote mountains in the background and we can denote a waterfall in which they are jumping into and walking around in forests. These locations all are what the audience can understand as being the typical dream holiday. Most members of Jason's audience are early to late teens who dream about going on adventures and he is showing these locations in a positive light. The location clears up the enigma that is; Jason is singing about letting go, however the audience may think how you let go. Therefore the visuals show that he is travelling from location to location.

There aren't many props suggesting that Jason is travelling with little and still having a good time. The audience can infer that you don't need much to be happy. Jason left his home with one bag.